![]() ![]() All three empowered Congress to enforce their provisions, radically shifting the balance of power from the states to the nation. ![]() The 15th sought to guarantee the right to vote for black men throughout the reunited nation. ![]() The 14th constitutionalized the principles of birthright citizenship and equality before the law. The 13th Amendment irrevocably abolished slavery. Many Americans feel that we are living at a time like the end of the 19th century, when, in the words of Frederick Douglass, “principles which we all thought to have been firmly and permanently settled” were “boldly assaulted and overthrown.”ĭouglass was referring to the rights enshrined in three constitutional amendments ratified between 18. Among the unanticipated consequences of the election of Donald Trump has been a surge of interest in post-Civil War Reconstruction, when this country first attempted to construct an interracial democracy, and in the restoration of white supremacy that followed. ![]()
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